ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate characteristics of the 18F-flurodeoxyglucose ( 18F-FDG) uptake intensity and ranges in distinct hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesions. Methods:The clinical data of 39 patients with position emission tomography during Jan 2017 to Dec 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled. Among them, there were 17 males and 22 females, aging from 15 to 65 years (median 34 years). Lesions were classified into six groups based on heterogenic scales of calcification and liquefaction: A. non-calcified and non-liquefied ( n=7); B. obvious calcified and non-liquefied ( n=7); C. partial calcified and partial liquefied( n=10); D. obvious calcified and partial liquefied ( n=5); E. partial calcified and subtotal liquefied ( n=5); F. obvious calcified and subtotal liquefied ( n=5). Tumor to background ratio (TBR) and width (W) of lesion infiltrative boundary were measured and calculated. Statistical comparison using Mann-Whitney U test as well as correlation analysis was performed. Results:TBR values [ M( Q1, Q3)] for each group were 4.40(3.66, 7.03), 2.55(1.69, 3.60), 3.73(3.37, 5.21), 2.90(2.75, 3.60), 3.80(3.49, 6.36), 2.49(2.21, 3.97), among which A>B, A>D, A>F, C>B, E>B ( U=3.0, 4.0, 4.5, 11.0, 5.0, all P<0.05); From the perspective of the calcification in each group, it was found that the lighter the calcification was, the greater the TBR value was. W values [ M( Q1, Q3)] for each group were [12.5(10.0, 19.5), 11.2(10.5, 12.5), 12.2(10.9, 13.2), 7.8(7.3, 9.3), 10.0(7.3, 13.4), 7.3(6.8, 7.6)] mm, among which A>D, A>F, B>D, B>F, C>D, C>F (all U=0, all P<0.05); According to the degree of calcification and liquefaction of lesions in each group, the lighter the calcification was, the greater the W value was; The heavier the liquefaction was, the smaller the W value was. A mild strength linear correlation has been observed between the TBR value and W value ( r=0.4136, P<0.05). Conclusions:Less calcification and liquefaction implicated higher 18F-FDG uptake intensity and wider range. Radical resection margins and tissue sampling should be individualized based on different lesion features in surgical treatment.
ABSTRACT
As a major member of innate immunity, macrophage can eliminate pathogens through cell phagocytosis, antigen presentation and immune regulation, and play an important role in parasitic infections such as Echinococcus. Echinococcus can regulate the function of host macrophages through a variety of parasite-derived molecules, such as protein and nucleic acid molecules, and realize long-term parasitism in the host. This article focuses on the research progress of the role of macrophages in echinococcosis and the regulation of macrophages by parasite-derived molecules.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the role of CD155 in hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. Methods:Thirty-six female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a sham surgery group and a model group, with 18 mice in each group. Mice in the model group were injected with protoscolex via the portal vein to create an animal model of E. multilocularis infection. Mice in the sham surgery group were injected with the same amount of saline. The mice were sacrificed at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after modeling, and liver samples were collected. Hepatic pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Liver fibrosis was detected by Sirius red staining, and expression of Caspase-3 and CD155 in hepatocytes was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between CD155 expression in hepatocytes and Caspase-3 and liver fibrosis levels were analyzed by Person. Results:There were obvious lesions in the liver of the model group accompanied by severe liver fibrosis. Compared with the sham surgery group, the expression of CD155 and Caspase-3 in mouse hepatocytes at different stages in the model group was significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The model group's liver fibrosis level was significantly higher at different stages than the sham surgery group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). In addition, correlation analysis showed that expression of CD155 in hepatocytes was positively correlated with the expression of Caspase-3 ( r=0.956 8; P<0.001; 95% CI: 0.885 5-0.984 1) and that expression of CD155 in hepatocytes was positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis( r=0.853 9; P<0.001; 95% CI: 0.643 7-0.944 3). Conclusions:CD155 expression was significantly up-regulated in mouse hepatocytes infected with E. multilocularis at different stages, which was positively correlated with the degree of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis, suggesting that CD155 may be involved in the process of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis caused by E. multilocularis infection.
ABSTRACT
Human alveolar echinococcosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection. It predominantly injuries the liver and grows like the malignant tumor. The therapeutic options and prognosis depend on types of human alveolar echinococcosis, clinical stages, biological activity, vascular invasion, pathological characteristics, and patient's immune status. However, despite of multiple classification methods, there are still lacking of comprehensive typing schemes. which leads to inappropriate diagnosis and therapy. This research systematically reviewed the recent studies on human alveolar echinococcosis at home and abroad and analyzed the classifications based on ultrasound, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission computed tomography, serology and pathology, and some novel technologies and summarized the individual advantage and disadvantage for each classification Relationships and their advantages plus disadvantages have been assessed comprehensively. Meanwhile, the possible reference factors or theoretical basis for optimized future classification are proposed, in order to establish a unified classification system to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence and trend of dental fluorosis of 7-14 years old children in 134 Regiment,8 Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and to evaluate the effectiveness of water improvement and fluoride control measures.Methods From 2010 to 2017,using cross-sectional survey,six water allocation places were selected from 134 Regiment,8 Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and the fluoride content was determined.Children of 7-14 years old in 2 central primary schools were investigated,and dental fluorosis was examined.Taking 2017 as the benchmark,children born before water improvement were 11-14 years old,children born after water improvement were 7-10 years old.Water fluoride was detected via the ion-selective electrode method.Diagnosis of dental fluorosis was based on the standard of "Dental Fluorosis Diagnosis" (WS/T 208-2011).The detection rate of dental fluorosis was compared by x2 test,and rank sum test was used to compare the severity of the disease.Results A comprehensive water improvement and fluoride reduction project was completed in 134 Regiment,8 Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2007.The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children born before water improvement was 2.65 times higher than that of children born after water improvement [14.43％ (101/700) vs 5.44％ (33/607),X2 =28.567,P ＜ 0.01].The dental fluorosis index of children born before water improvement was also higher than that of children born after water improvement (0.33 vs 0.11).According to age standardization (based on 2017),there was a significant difference in the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in different years (x2 =351.300,P ＜ 0.01).The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children decreased from 35.26％ in 2010 to 10.25％ in 2017.There was a statistically significant difference in the severity of dental fluorosis in children of different years (H =954.033,P ＜ 0.01).The dental fluorosis index of children decreased from 0.71 in 2010 to 0.23 in 2017,and the disease changed from extremely mild fluorosis epidemic to non-fluorosis epidemic.Conclusion After effective water improvement in 134 Regiment,8 Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children in the disease affected areas has decreased significantly,the effect of defluoridation project is significant.
ABSTRACT
Objective This paper expounds the present situation of the construction and probes into the development path of the medical characteristic disciplines,so as to provide guidance for the development of the characteristic disciplines of local medical colleges and universities.Methods According to the general characteristics of the discipline construction of the local medical colleges and universities,through the analysis of the current situation of the objective development and the restriction of the bottleneck,to analyze the new methods and new ways for the development of the characteristic disciplines in local medical colleges and universities.Results Medical characteristic disciplineconstruction should pursue sustainable development,mining subject characteristics;concise direction of research,enhance the level of scientific research;focus on academic exchanges,build talent echelon;integrate all kinds of resources,construction of subject group;building performance evaluation,pioneering achievement innovation.Conclusions Local educational institutions and medical colleges and universities should fully understand the importance of characteristic disciplines to meet the needs of local development and create brand culture.The characteristic disciplines with prominent advantages,reasonable structure and sustainable development should be established.
ABSTRACT
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) treatment urgently requires a novel drug. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases, but still have to be characterized in Echinococcus granulosus. We identified a 1,107 bp cDNA encoding a 368 amino acid MAPK protein (Egp38) in E. granulosus. Egp38 exhibits 2 distinguishing features of p38-like kinases: a highly conserved T-X-Y motif and an activation loop segment. Structural homology modeling indicated a conserved structure among Egp38, EmMPK2, and H. sapiens p38α, implying a common binding mechanism for the ligand domain and downstream signal transduction processing similar to that described for p38α. Egp38 and its phosphorylated form are expressed in the E. granulosus larval stages vesicle and protoscolices during intermediate host infection of an intermediate host. Treatment of in vitro cultivated protoscolices with the p38-MAPK inhibitor ML3403 effectively suppressed Egp38 activity and led to significant protoscolices death within 5 days. Treatment of in vitro-cultivated protoscolices with TGF-β1 effectively induced Egp38 phosphorylation. In summary, the MAPK, Egp38, was identified in E. granulosus, as an anti-CE drug target and participates in the interplay between the host and E. granulosus via human TGF-β1.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary , Echinococcosis , Echinococcus granulosus , Echinococcus , In Vitro Techniques , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , Phosphorylation , Phosphotransferases , Protein Kinases , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of programmed death receptor ligand 1 ( PD-L1 ) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with hepatic cystic echincccccosis (HCE) and its relation with interferon-γ.MethodsThe clinical data of 63 patients with HCE who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2010 to February 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into HCE active group (38 patients) and HCE non-active group (25 patients) according to the system established by the World Health Organization's Informal Working Group on Echinocoecosis.Twenty patients with hepatic hemangioma or healthy individuals were recruited in normal control group.The positive rate of PD-L1 expression was detected by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry.The expression of interferon-γ was detected by enzyme-linked immtmosorbent assay (ELISA).All data were analyzed by the t test,one-way analysis of variance,LSD test and chi-square test.The relationship between the expression of interferon-γ and positive rate of PD-L1 expression was analyzed by the Pearson test.ResultsThe results of flow cytometry showed that the positive rates of PD-L1 expression in the HCE active group,HCE non-active group and normal control group were 12.1％±3.8％,10.9％ ± 2.5％ and 9.1％ ±2.5％,respectively.There was a significant difference in the positive rate of PD-L1 expression between the HCE active group and normal control group (t =3.327,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of PD-LI expression in the HCE active group,HCE non-active group and normal control group were 11.9％ ± 3.4％,i0.6％ ± 2.9％ and 9.5％ ± 3.6％,respectively.There was a significant difference in the positive rate of PD-L1 expression between the HCE active group and normal control group (t =2.470,P ＜ 0.05 ).The expressions of intefferon-γ in the HCE active group,HCE non-active group and normal control group were ( 141 ± 38 ) μμg/L,( 124 ± 32 ) μg/L and ( 105 ± 42 ) μg/L.There wasasignificant difference in the expression of interferon-γ between the HCE active group and normal control group ( t =3.280,P ＜ 0.05).The results of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry revealed that the positive rate of PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of interferon-γ( r =0.59,0.61,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion With the help of interferon-γ,PD-L1 may play an important role in promoting the immune.evasion of echinococcus.
ABSTRACT
Objective To screen for Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-related genes. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from the lesion and normal skin of a patient with KS in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and total RNA was extracted from these samples and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression of K8.1, K2 and ORF50 in these samples. The cDNA was labeled with fluorescein and hybridized to a human 35K genome array containing 25 100 genes. Subsequently, the signal images were scanned by a laser scanner and acquired images were analyzed by software. Results RT-qPCR revealed the mRNA expression of K8.1, K2 and ORF50 in the KS tissues but not in the normal skin tissues, indicating that there was no crossed contamination in these specimens. Among the 25 100 genes, 1313 genes were identified to be differentially expressed between KS and normal skin tissues, including 756 up-regulated genes and 557 down-regulated genes. These differentially expressed genes, such as myeloid cell leukemia-1 gene (MCI-1), annexins (ANX) and serine proteinase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5), were associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell signaling, protein processing, cell cycle regulation, and so on. Conclusion The differentially expressed genes such as MCI-1 and SPINK5 may be associated with the development of KS.
ABSTRACT
Objective To estimate the effect of microRNA (miRNA) let-7 expression on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and the relationship between let-7 level and clinicopathological parameters. Methods ESCC cell line (Eca109) was transfected with let-7 or its inhibitor by RNAi and cell transfection techniques. Normal cultured Eca109 cell was served as negative control. The proliferation of Eca109 cell was detected by MTT. The expression of let-7 in Eca109 cells and 45 paired ESCC tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between let-7 level and clinicopathological parameters in patients with ESCC was analyzed. Results The A value of let-7 in Eca109 cells transfected with let-7 was lower than negative control (P=0.005), while it was higher in Eca109 cells transfected inhibitor than that in negative control 72 hours after transfection. In comparison with negative control, the expression of let-7 in Eca109 cells transfected with let-7 was increased 33% (1.33 vs 1.00,P=0. 039) and it was decreased 50% in Eca109 cells transfected with inhibitor (0.50 vs 1.00,P=0. 014). The ratio of let-7 expression in ESCC tissue and para-cancerous tissue was 0.66 ± 0.47 with significant differece (P= 0.001). Moreover, The level of let-7 expression in Han patients with ESCC was lower than Kazakh patients with ESCC (0.48±0.43 vs 0. 88±0.51,P=0. 019). The level of let-7 expression in poorly differentiated ESCC tissue was lower than well differentiated ESCC tissue (0.42±0.30 vs 0.84±0.38,P=0. 015). The level of let-7 expression in patients with lymph node metastasis was lower than those without lymph node metastasis (0.50±0.35vs 0. 80±0.52,P=0. 032) . Conclusion It is demonstrated that let-7 can inhibit the carcinogenesis and development of ESCC. The level of let-7 expression is associated with cell differentiation,lymph node metastasis and nationalities.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression of TLR2,4,7 mRNA on peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with chronic cystic echinococcosis(CE) infection, and the level of serum IL-10. Methods The expression level of TLR2,4,7 mRNA on peripheral blood mononuclear were tested in 42 chronic CE cases and 28 normal controls (NC) by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) method. GAPDH was selected as the internal control. The level of serum IL-10 was determined in ELISA. The subjects were determined by t test. The correlations between TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and IL-10 were determined by differences of expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 on PBMCs and serum IL-10 in two groups of study linear correlation test. Results The expressions of TLR2, TLR4,TLR7 mRNA in chronic CE group were higher than those of in NC group. Compared with the NC group, the expressions of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR7 mRNA increased more than 7.3-, 3.6-, 3.6-fold, respectively. In chronic CE group, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR7 mRNA expressions were 1.0729 ±0.4006, 5.0976 ±1.6682, 0. 6481 ±0. 2574, respectively. TLR2, TLR4 and TLR7 mRNA expressions were 0. 1468 ± 0.0435, 1.4067 ±0. 3279, 0. 1804 ±0. 0568 in NC group, respectively. Compared with NC group, the differences of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression were significant (P = 0.0287, 0. 033), while the expression of TLR7 mRNA was not difference (P =0.0862). Moreover, in chronic CE group, the level of serum IL-10 was higher than that of in NC group. In chronic CE group and NC group, the level of serum IL-10 was (17.6770±1.6298) pg/ml, (9.4898 ±0.7049) pg/ml. Compared with NC group, there was significant difference in chronic group (P<0.01). Significant positive correlation between TLR2 and TLR4 was found in chronic CE group, r = 0. 1135, P =0.036. Others were not correlations. Conclusion In the development of chronic CE, TLR2 and TLR4 participate in this progression. As the receptors of antigen of cystic echinococcus, TLR2 and TLR4 can regulate the immune response through interacting with different antigens from cystic echinococcus. Meanwhile, under the participation of TLR2, TLR4 and increased serum IL-10, they will approach to Th2 immune reaction, which play an important role in chronic CE that can induce immune evasion.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for detection of human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) viral load. Methods pMD19-T recombinant vectors inserted with an open reading frame (ORF) 26 of HHV-8 or β-actin gene were constructed respectively. A sensitive RT-qPCR method was established and optimized. The effectivity of the method was evaluated by determining the HHV-8 viral loads in 30 (formalin fixed, paraffinised)biopsy samples of Kaposi's sarcoma. Results The key factors for optimizing the method included anneal temperature and extension. The standard curve showed that the Ct value of ORF26 and β-actin had a good linear relationship (r2 ＞0.990) with the standard samples. The melt curve and electrophoresis showed the specificity of our study. The sensitivity of this method was very high and the detection rate could reach 100%. The viral loads were significantly higher in patients with classic Kaposi's sarcoma compared to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma(69.18 va 8. 63, x2 =7.950,P=0.005).Conclusions The established RT-qPCR method is highly sensitive, which can be used as a routine assay for detecting HHV-8.This system offers a good platform for diagnosing other causative organism.
ABSTRACT
Objective To perform molecular cloning and sequencing, bioinformatics analysis,protein expression and function of extracellular signal regulated kinase (EgERK1) of Echinococcus granulosus in Xinjiang. Methods The specific primers of EgERK1 were designed and total RNA was extracted from Echinococcus granulosus in Xinjiang. EgERK1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a-EgERK1 was constructed and sequenced. The sequences were analyzed by DNA sequencing and bioinformatics technology. The recombinant EgERK1 protein was induced and expressed. The biological function was detected using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis and Western blot. Results The sequence of RT-PCR product was 1125 bp, encoding 374 amino acids with isoelectric point of 6.34.This gene was a new ERK-homologues gene indicated by BLAST, named EgERK1(EU701008).Homology comparisons indicated that the homology of EgERK1 and EmMPK1from Echinococcus multilocularis was 95.45%, and was 43.04%-61.88% to ERK from Caenorhabditis elegans, S. cerevisiae, D. melanogaster and human. Phylogenetic analysis showed that EgERK1 clustered with EmMPK1. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that EgERK1 contained a highly conserved T-X-Y motif and activation loop segment of ERK-like kinase.Western blot results showed the EgERK1 recombinant protein could reacted specifically with anti-human ERK monoclonal antibody. Conclusion A new EgERK1 gene of Echinococcus granulosus is successfully cloned and its recombinant protein could reacted specifically with ERK1/2 antibody, which provides the basis for further study of EgERK1 function in the host-parasite interaction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of Th17 cells and Treg cells on immune evasion in patients with hepatic hydatid disease. Methods From August 2008 to September 2009, 54 patients with hepatic hydatid disease who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and 20 healthy people (control group) were enrolled in this study. Of the 54 patients, 21 had liver cystic enchinococcosis (CE)(CE group), 15 had recurrent cystic echinococcosis (RCE) (RCE group) and 18 had liver alveolar echinococcosis(AE) (AE group). The serum concentrations of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-23, transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance, LSD-t test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results Serum IL-17 levels were significantlylower in the AE group [(11±3)ng/L], CE group [(13±4) ng/L] and RCE group [(13 ±5) ng/L]compared with those in the control group [(16±5) ng/L] ( F = 6.53, P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in serum IL-17 levels between the CE and RCE groups (t =0.22, P ＞0.05). Serum levels of IL-23were also lower in the AE group [(72±27) ng/L], CE group [( 106±53) ng/L] and RCE group [( 107±48 ) ng/L] compared with those in the control group [( 139±50) ngg/L] ( F = 6.74, P ＜ 0.05 ), while there was no significant difference between the CE and RCE groups (t =0.02, P＞0.05). The serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the AE group [(5.5±2.2) ng/L], CE group [(4.3±2.0) ng/L] and RCE group [(4.2 ± 1.4) ng/L] compared with those in the control group [(3.1 ± 0.8 ) ng/L] ( F = 9.78, P ＜ 0.05 ),with no significant differences between the CE and RCE groups ( t = 0.14, P ＞ 0.05 ). TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in the AE group [(38±7) μg/L], CE group [(37±7) μg/L] and RCE group [(33±9) μg/L]compared with those in the control group [( 26±7) μg,/L] ( F = 6.73, P＜ 0.05 ), with no significant difference among the AE, CE and RCE groups ( t = 0.56, 1.81, P ＞ 0.05 ). The Th17/Treg (IL-17/IL-10) ratio was significantly decreased in the AE group ( 2.1 ± 0.7 ), CE group ( 3.6 ± 1.5 ) and RCE group ( 3.4 ± 1.9)compared with that in the control group (5.7 ± 2.6) ( F = 13.76, P ＜ 0.05 ), while no significant difference was found between the CE and RCE groups (t = 0.23, P ＞ 0.05). The serum concentrations of IL-17 were negatively correlated with TGF-β1 ( r = - 0.23, P ＜ 0.05 ) and positively correlated with IL-23 ( r = 0.70, P ＜ 0.05 ).Serum concentrations of IL-10 were positively correlated with TGF-β1 ( r = 0.46, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion The overwhelming expression of Treg related cytokines disrupts the Th17/Treg balance in patients with AE or CE,which may have a potential role in immune evasion in the progress of hydatid disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the change of T helper 17 cells (Th17) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in patients with liver cystic echinococcosis. Methods Fifty-six subjects were divided into three groups: healthy controls (HD, n = 20), patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE, n= 18) and patients with cystic echinococcosis combined with bile fistula (BF,n= 18). The frequency of Th17 cells in CD4+ T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Th17-related cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed by t test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results The frequency of Th17 in the peripheral blood was significantly lower in CE group compared to BF group and HD group [(0. 23±0. 11)% vs (0. 76±0.43)% vs (0.52±0.50)%; t=2. 225 and4. 077 respectively, both P＜0.05), while there was no statistical difference between BF group and HD group (t=1. 931, P＞0.05). The levels IL-17 and IL-23 were (12.1±3.7) ng/L and (84.4±46.0) ng/L respectively in CE group, which were lower than those in BF group [(15.5±4.1) ng/L and (138.6±37. 9) ng/L, respectively; t=2. 515 and 3. 649 respectively, both P＜0.05] and those in HD group [(14.8±4.4) ng/L and (138.1±48. 7) ng/L, respectively; t=2. 401 and 3. 706 respectively,both P ＜0.05], while there was no statistical difference between BF group and HD group (t=0. 534,P ＞0.05). Serum concentrations of IL-17 were all positively correlated with the concentrations of IL23 in these three groups (r=0. 657, P＜0.05). Conclusion The frequeny of Th17 cells in PBMC and the serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-23 are significantly reduced in patients with cystic echinococcosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore Annexin A2 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and investigate the correlation of Annexin A2 expression with invasion and metastasis of human ESCC. Methods From 2000 to 2008, specimens of Xinjiang medical University First Affiliated Hospital were collected. Pathologically confirmed ESCC surgical specimens were set as experimental group, and the corresponding tumor adjacent tissues located more than 5 cm far from ESCC center were set as control group. 22 fresh and 175 paraffin-embeded ESCC specimens with corresponding adjacent tissues were randomly collected as study samples. With qRT-PCR, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry, the expression of Annexin A2 were detected at the mRNA and protein level. The correlation between Annexin A2 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results In 22 pairs of fresh ESCC and corresponding tumor adjacent tissues, the expression of Annexin A2 at mRNA level was significantly higher in tumor adjacent tissues (0. 06 ± 0. 06) than that in ESCC (0. 02 ±0. 02) (P＜0.05 ). Annexin A2 expression at protein level was also significantly higher in tumor adjacent tissues (0.95±0. 42) than ESCC (0.81±0. 36) (P＜0.05). In 175 paraffin-embeded ESCC specimens and corresponding adjacent tissues, the positive rate of Annexin A2 protein expression was 82. 3% (144/175) of the ESCC samples, which was lower than corresponding tumor adjacent tissues 92. 0% (161/175)(P＜0. 05). In addition, Annexin A2 expression was correlated with lymphoid node metastasis (P＜0.05) and pathological differentiation in patients with ESCC (P＜0.05). However, there was no apparent correlation with gross type (P＞0. 05). Conclusion The low expression of Annexin A2 in ESCC maybe played a potential role in the carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis.
ABSTRACT
h Kaposi' s sarcoma in Xingjiang, which have a high homology with those strains from Africa and Europe. A5 and C7 genotypes of HHV-8 have been first isolated in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect and significance of transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1), and TGF-?_1mRNA in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Methods The expression and distribution of TGF-?_1, and TGF-?_1mRNA in the pancreatic tissue in different stage of the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis were studied with immunohistochemical SP staining, in situ hybridization,and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on the canine model of chronic pancreatitis . Results The Expression of TGF-?_1 and TGF-?_1mRNA were found in fibrotic tissues, fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells of blood vessels.The expression of TGF-?_1 and TGF-?_1mRNA were high and lasting in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Conclusions High expression of TGF-?_1 is closely related to the fibroblast proliferating activity, extracellular matrix overdeposition and proceeding fibrosis of pancreas.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the change of six cytokines in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis as part of the study on immunological mechanism in the infection. Methods Mice were infected by abdominal inoculation of echinococcus protoscoleces. The change of serum level of the cytokines IL-2、IFN-?、TNF-?、IL-4、 IL-5 and IL-10 was determined by ELISA during the infection which lasted for 260 d. Results Compared with uninfected control, the levels of the cytokines all significantly increased in the 260 d. The level of IL-2 reached a peak after 80 d post-infection (p.i.), then decreased quickly after 140 d p.i., High level of TNF-? was detected after 40 d, compared to uninfected control, reached a peak at 100 d p.i., and decreased quickly after 140 d. The level of IFN-? reached a peak after 80 d p.i., and decreased slowly after 140 d p.i., The levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 remained lower before 80 d, and increased sharply after 100 days. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 reached peaks at 100 d p.i., and that of IL-5 at 140 d p.i. Conclusion The data suggest that the induction of Th2 antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) with a parallel expansion of Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory (CMI) responses are important mechanism of the host in defending against the metacestodes. Th1 CMI plays an important role at the early stage of infection, and Th2 AMI is important in the later stage of infection.